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The Law of Work
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Canada's Income Inequality Continues to Grow

by David Doorey October 21, 2008
written by David Doorey October 21, 2008

A recently released study by the OECD found that Canada ranks 18th among developed countries in terms of income inequality:

In the last 10 years, the rich have been getting richer leaving both middle and poorer income classes behind.  The rich in Canada are particularly rich compared to their counterparts on other countries..  Canada spends less on cash benefits such as unemployment benefits and family benefits than most OECD countries.  Partly as a result, taxes and transfers do not reduce inequality by as much as in many other countries.  Furthermore, their effect on inequality has been declining over time.  Over the past 10 years poverty (people who live on less than half median incomes) has increased for all groups… to an overall rate of 12%.

There are lots of reasons for this embarrassing result.  What reasons can you think of?
One issue often debated is the extent to which there is a relationship between unionization rates and income inequality.  Since unions tend to raise wages of workers, we might predict that strong unions equals less income inequality.   For example, check out this study using Canadian, U.S., and UK date.    
Take a look at the rough correlation between countries with high unionization rates and low income inequality.  Using quick stats I took from this article by Blanchflower, the top ten countries on the list (countries with the lowest income inequality), include these (listing those I have stats for in the article):  
1.  Denmark (union density, 2003: 70%)
2.  Sweden   (2000, 80%)
3.   Austria  (2003, 38%)
7.    Finland  (2003, 74%)
8.    Belgium (2002, 55%)
Canada, on the other hand, at 18 on the list, has a unionization rate around 28% (2003).  Other notable bottom feeders:
 

     19.  Spain  (2003, 16%)
     23.  New Zealand (2002, 22%)
     24.  U.K.    (2003, 29%)
     25.   Italy   (2003, 34%)
     27.  U.S.A. (2003, 12%) 

We need to be cautious doing direct comparisons of unionization rates across countries, because the systems for measuring are not always the same.  Still, this is an interesting question for policy, since most of our current conservative governments in Canada are adamantly opposed to collective bargaining.  If collective bargaining decreases the gap between rich and poor, should our governments be doing more to increase the union density rate in Canada?

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David Doorey

Professor Doorey is an Associate Professor of Work Law and Industrial Relations at York University. He is Academic Director of Osgoode Hall Law School’s executive LLM Program in Labour and Employment Law and a Senior Research Associate at Harvard Law School’s Labor and Worklife Program. Professor Doorey is a graduate of Osgoode Hall Law School (LL.B., Ph.D), London School of Economics (LLM Labour Law), and the University of Toronto (B.A., M.I.R.).

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thelawofwork David J. Doorey🇨🇦 @TheLawofWork@mas.to @thelawofwork ·
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There’s many measures in academia that rank influence based on number of citations of academic articles.

Advice to new scholars:

If these rankings matter to you, do NOT focus your publications on Canadian labour & employment law. The potential audience is WAY too small!

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I use Steve Martin’s template for making a personal connection with his fans to make a personal connection with my students.

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thelawofwork David J. Doorey🇨🇦 @TheLawofWork@mas.to @thelawofwork ·
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Some numbers from Stats Can:

- Union density⬇️from 38% in 1981 to 29% in 2022.

- Over same period, % of men in unions⬇️ by 16%, but remained stable for women.

- Result: women (31%) more likely to be unionized in Canada than men (26%)

🧵 /1

https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/36-28-0001/2022011/article/00001-eng.htm

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